5- SCIENCE THEORIES

THEORIES OF THE UNIVERSE / BLACK HOLES & DARK MATTER

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Anyone interested in how the universe works may find this interesting, anyone who is an Astro Physicist or has a Ph.D. in quantum mechanics may find this hilarious. For anyone else, unless you are having trouble sleeping, you might as well just stop reading now.

With my formal education in this field of high school physics and a hobby-level in astronomy, I have still managed to come up with a few theories of how the universe may work. Although most are probably wrong there still may be something here to inspire a more educated mind in this field to come up with new ideas.

Since the big bang, it would seem logical that the universe would be tying to reach a state of uniform equilibrium. Like shaking a can of pop, once the shaking stops, the forces creating bubbles and fizz eventually cancel out and the pop becomes a calm uniform liquid. By figuring out what a calm uniform liquid is in terms of the universe, we can develop the math to predict how and when this will happen. This will not only help us to better understand how the universe works and it’s future, but enable us to reverse the math to figure out and better understand the past.

My theory is the universe’s version of a calm uniform liquid could be to eventually be composed of 100% dark matter and energy, containing no regular matter at all.

Dark matter is thought to be the area of everything we call the universe that is not matter. What we consider empty space or nothing is actually dark matter. Dark matter provides an empty three-dimensional place necessary for matter to exist. If you imagine a drawing of the universe, dark matter would be the blank paper it is drawn on, and the regular matter would be the things we draw.

Current theories estimate the total mass of the universe is composed of 95% dark matter, and it is increasing. In the analogy above, it would be like the paper the universe is drawn on is getting bigger. Because dark matter has mass, albeit a very tiny amount, either the universe’s mass is also increasing or the mass of regular matter is being transformed to dark matter, but how?

Since the big bang, most regular matter has gathered in many tiny areas of the universe that we call galaxies. Like puddles of water after a rainstorm. In the center of each galaxy is thought to be a supermassive black hole. Black holes have a mass and gravity so great even light can not escape. As the matter that makes up the galaxy swirls around this supermassive black hole, it is drawn towards and into it. If you imagine a sink full of water, the black hole is the drain in the middle. But where does the matter go? Is it simply compressed to the density of the singularity, adding to its mass? This would seem to be the most logical explanation but Hawking radiation suggests black holes that do not gain mass eventually shrink and vanish. If this is true, where do they go and what happens to their mass?

My theory is the two are connected and black holes are converting matter to dark matter. The extreme forces that subatomic particles go through as they become part of the black holes accretion disk and cross the event horizon becoming part of the singularity tears them apart further, creating new unknown even smaller particles. The entire singularity itself is made up of these particles. I also think all black holes have wormholes connected, leading to a point/points somewhere outside the black hole, away from its enormous gravitational effects. If these new unknown particles that the singularity is composed of are pushed through the wormhole, once away from the immense forces of the black hole they emerge as dark matter. In other words, every galaxy has a supermassive black hole that is consuming its matter and converting it to dark matter. In the same analogy, black holes are erasing the things in the universe we have drawn on the paper and turning them into more blank paper.

So what causes the matter of the singularity to be pushed through the wormhole? Fighting the centripetal force from the velocity of matter in the black hole’s accretion disk as well as the pull from all the matter in the galaxy surrounding it is what keeps the black hole open and allows the singularity to maintain its mass and keep from being pushed through the wormhole. Therefore the mass of the singularity should be proportional to the gravitational pull from all matter surrounding it. As more matter crossing the event horizon increases the singularity’s mass beyond the force of the surrounding gravity, an equal amount of the singularity’s mass is pushed through the wormhole and becomes dark matter. Once all the matter in that galaxy is consumed by the black hole there is nothing left to keep it open and all of the singularity’s remaining mass is pushed through the wormhole, therefore closing the wormhole and leaving nothing but dark matter. This would also explain Hawking radiation. Eventually, all galaxies will be consumed by their black holes and the entire universe will become nothing but dark matter and energy. At this point, the total mass of the universe would not have changed, but its volume and density would be drastically different. Going back to the analogy, the universe would be a much larger piece of paper then it is now with nothing at all drawn on it. A state of uniform equilibrium.

STUDIES TO TEST THE THEORY

  • First, observations to see if newly formed dark matter only happens around black holes There can be many black holes in a galaxy, not all are supermassive but all are converting matter to dark matter. The effect should be mathematically relative to their size.
  • There should be a relation between the mass of the singularity and the gravitational force of the matter around it. Because matter on the accretion disk is traveling around the singularity close to the speed of light, its centripetal force in determining the mass of the singularity should be proportionally higher than the gravitational force of the rest of the matter in its galaxy. In fact, the matter in the galaxy may be more of just a fuel source for the accretion disk and not very significant when it comes to determining the mass of the singularity.
  • The higher the mass of the singularity, the further away the other end of its wormhole and formation of dark matter should be. This location or locations should also be as far away from any regular matter as possible at that distance.
  • Although the singularity is the only entrance to the wormhole, there may be millions of tiny exits Dark matter may appear to be bubbling in areas all around the black hole.
  • The higher the amount of mass crossing the event horizon, the greater the amount of new dark matter that should be observed. Math has shown that the density of dark matter should be 0.006 solar masses per cubic parsec. So if our sun was suddenly pulled into a black hole, we should see the creation of 166 cubic parsecs or 5,760 cubic light-years of dark matter. This math is based only if the mass of the matter both in the surrounding galaxy and the accretion disk does not change to alter the mass of the singularity.

OTHER LOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS

  • Somehow the formation of new dark matter does not displace the existing dark matter but rather creates new space between. If it were to displace, the combined sources would eventually push the galaxies at the outer edges of the universe away faster than the speed of light.
  • In keeping with Einstein’s theory of relativity and the relationship between time and the speed matter passes through a gravitational field. Its possible dark matter not only provides a place for matter to exist but also through expanding the universe and changing gravitational fields of the matter within, its also the fuel that creates time.

Still awake?

With regards to string theory and quantum physics. The problem of gravity being too weak within the equation of the 4 forces of quantum mechanics may be in the way we calculate it. Because gravity is always present and everywhere, much of its force may be canceled out. The entire universe is pulling at all matter from all directions and may not be factored into our current mathematical explanation for it correctly.

Imagine taking an open empty pop can to the bottom of the ocean. Although the can can be easily crushed by the small amount of force from your bare hand, even at pressures of 1000’s of pounds per square inch the ocean can’t even put a dent in it. Only if you bring a sealed empty pop can to the bottom of the ocean will you see the actual force of water pressure and the can would be crushed flat. If gravity is the ocean, are our calculations of it based on the empty open pop can or estimated incorrectly on the empty sealed pop can? Because gravity is everywhere it is impossible to get a sealed pop can empty of it.

One other thing, the singularity of a black hole may turn out to be just a hole in space and time that mimics gravity. A wormhole entrance created by the extreme density of the mass from the singularity we perceive to still be there. If this is the case everything I have listed above could still be true except the mass of the singularity itself would have already passed through the wormhole and been converted to dark matter.

Still awake?…………I tried my best…….Time to consider a sleeping pill.

Dave Lister

listerlogic.com

3- SOLVING WORLD PROBLEMS, 7- CURRENT NEWS

GET THE PROTESTERS OFF THE TRACKS AND ROADS!

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In Canada, people have many views and are passionate about many things. If protesters were allowed to shut down our roads and rail service for any cause, Canada along with law and order would cease to exist. Treating one group of people differently because of race is exactly what Canadian society is striving not to do, in order for this to work it should not matter if this treatment is positive or negative.

Every Canadian has there say at the ballot box and the government is merely a reflection of the majority. People who disagree are free to voice their opinions but must respect the implemented views and opinions of the majority.

The expropriation of land in Canada by the government is nothing new. Although often emotional for anyone affected, it’s important and lawful purpose is necessary to allow the government to complete projects in the interest of the nation. Anyone in Canada could have their legally owned land taken by the government at any time. During the construction of highway 407 in Ontario, many people lost homes and farms that had been in the family for generations.

For those protesters that believe kidnapping of public roads and rail is necessary to bring awareness and support, they are only half right. I am aware but will oppose any cause that resorts to extortion and the torment of innocent people to get there way.

Dave Lister

listerlogic.com

6- INVENTIONS

EVOLUTION OF THE WINDSHIELD WIPER

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Dear Car Company

I just picked up my new car and can’t believe how advanced it is. Even with just the standard options, it tells me if I drift out of a lane, keeps my hands warm, has a camera for backing up, I can even download a meatloaf recipe onto my cell phone with voice commands.

The main reason I am writing is my concern over your research and development department for windshield wipers. I’m guessing it’s hidden somewhere in the basement of your highly advanced facility. If you manage to locate it, amongst the dust and spider webs you will find the 50-year-old skeletons of guys who developed the intermittent wiper. Please send my condolences to their surviving grandchildren, I hope the discovery of their bodies brings them closure.

Since no one has worked on improvements for the windshield wiper system for the past 50 years I would like to help out and offer some suggestions for future models.

In winter driving, the wipers build up so much snow and ice it’s like having two glaciers moving around the windshield. I sometimes find it easier to see if I drive in reverse using the backup camera, but I get strange looks from other people when I’m on the highway and for some reason, a police officer told me I couldn’t do it anymore. A simple design that would apply heat to the wiper blades and keep the snow and ice from building up would make driving forward again much easier. Feel free to overcomplicate the design as you see fit. I know this feature is already available on some luxury cars but I think being able to see where you are going shouldn’t be a luxury just for the rich.

If I may, I would also like to suggest a couple of improvements when it comes to windshield wiper fluid. The first is to increase the capacity of the holding tank from the size of a pregnant women’s bladder (no offense to pregnant women’s bladders) to 8 liters or just over the capacity of 2 store-bought 3.78-liter containers. I have looked under the hood and there are still a couple of places an 8-liter container would fit that would not be in the way. Please don’t make it part of your hilarious design antics by putting in the way of conducting normal engine maintenance and with one bolt that requires two carefully placed mirrors to see and an exact mystery combination of a half dozen ratchet extensions and universal joints to remove. If finding a location is too much of a problem you can always use the trunk, just put it where I normally keep the 2 store-bought containers that I will no longer need to carry around.

While I’m on the subject of windshield wiper fluid, there’s one other thing I think you can also improve on. The low wiper fluid warning system. The current one where it just stops working is not very convenient, it often happens when I am traveling at a high rate of speed and something happens around me that makes it kind of important to be able to see. I suggest a yellow light on the dash that comes on when you are down to half the 8-liter tank proposed above. This would indicate you can add a full store-bought container to the reservoir. A red dash light would indicate you are down to the last couple of squirts before the current warning system would finally take over.

I know simple indicators like a red and green light have no place in technology today so you could add a microprocessor and color display showing: Average ml used per squirt, Squirts per kilometer used, and Driving range, based on average ml used per squirt times the number of squirts per kilometer divided by how many ml left in the tank. If that’s still not enough adding a blue tooth connection to your phone so your car can order more wiper fluid from amazon when it gets low should bring it up to today’s standards. Sorry…I’m just assuming everyone’s car has it’s own amazon prime account.

Oh…., and one other thing. The other morning I was taking the snow off my car while it was warming up. I couldn’t figure out why the snow on the ground was melting around the car and there was a strange electrical burning smell in the air. It wasn’t until scraping the final bit of ice off the windshield and the wipers suddenly became free and move did I realize I had left the wiper switch on from the night before. Of all the digital switches that automatically shut down car accessories when the ignition is shut off for some reason the wiper motor switch still remains the old mechanical type.

Thank you for taking the time to read my letter. I hope you don’t consider my comments too extravagant and will consider them when designing future models. In the meantime, if I go through a stop sign because I can’t see through the windshield and I’m killed in a collision with a transport truck, I can rest assured knowing I did not depart my lane, my hands and butt were toasty warm, and my family will still be able to enjoy that new meatloaf recipe for dinner.

Dave Lister

listerlogic.com

3- SOLVING WORLD PROBLEMS

THE END OF INNOCENCE / HOW SOCIETY IS FAILING TODAYS YOUTH

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The first day of kindergarten usually marks a child’s transition from the love and security of the family home to the outside world and society. In an ever-increasing number of schools, it is also the start of appalling physical and psychological abuse from other students that for some, will eventually lead to depression, suicide, gangs, and crime.

Since the elimination of physical force, there has been a lack of an effective deterrent to keep a very small percentage of children from disrupting and terrorizing the rest of the class. Over time, this small percentage affects the entire class, creating an environment that enables kids that would normally behave to act out, leading to widespread bullying, fighting and mental abuse between students the teacher is often unable to control.

Modern techniques and psychology have had a dramatic effect on controlling the behavior in most children without the need for physical force. Because these methods work on the vast majority of children the general belief in society is they will work on every child. This false widespread belief has put pressure on schools that can not control a student to cover it up. Not only does this make the classroom unsafe for the other children it disrupts and impairs the teacher’s ability to teach.

Between raising my own kids and knowing someone that has worked in the Toronto District School Board for over 30 years I know of too many disturbing incidences and procedures happening in schools today that much of the public is unaware of. Some of the most concerning are:

  • It is difficult to control or remove a violent student from a class for specialized placement even if they have previously injured other kids or staff unless the child’s parents agree (parents are often the last ones to admit any problems with their child).
  • Assaults in schools are rapidly increasing, including to staff
  • Staff are hesitant to physically break up a fight even if an innocent student is being seriously injured in fear of being injured themselves, sued by the aggressive child’s parents, or fired from their job.
  • An ever-increasing number of support staff are hired on a 1 on 1 basis for problem children that could be a danger to themselves or others.
  • In some cases, if a child decides to leave the classroom they will not use physical force to stop them but rather have someone follow them as they roam the halls.
  • Staff are taught not to confront behavior problems with students but to distract the child into thinking about something else.
  • The biggest deterrent currently available to schools now is expulsion. Think about it, dozens of teachers with hundreds of years of combined university training, experience and resources still can’t control a student so they send them home to a parent/parents that are often already overwhelmed or part of the problem.

There are countless incidences as a result of the above practices, such as a grade 1 elementary student, after being sent to the office had a violent temper tantrum and began smashing phones, blinds, and a fax machine, the principal stood by and watched, unable to use physical force to stop him, they had to call the police (not the first time). Another incidence where a bullied student was shot by a pellet gun in an elementary school by another student. Before he was shot twice in the leg the shooter told him it was a real gun and he had 3 seconds to run. A well-adjusted adult would be mentally traumatized for life by such an experience, and it got worse. When the parents reported it to the school nothing was done so they called the police. The student was charged but because of the young offender’s act, he was released. The bullied child was tormented again by the shooter a few days later at school and told: “See, your parents and the police can’t stop me, now that you told on me I’m bringing in a real gun and I’ll be looking for you”. The parents had to move him to a different school. How can we allow this to happen to an elementary school child? These stories along with thousands of others never make the news so the public is kept unaware.

Evidence exists that this small percentage of problem kids besides disrupting and bullying, also influence other kids to exhibit the same behavior. Toronto Guns and Gangs unit estimate that 90% of gang members would not be there if not for the other 10%. Their findings are based on gang member arrests. They found 90 percent of kids arrested for the first time in gang-related crimes break down when faced with the possibility of going to jail. In fact, they are traumatized so much, they are unlikely not to re-offend even if the charges are dropped with no jail time. The other 10% show no remorse and even with jail time are likely to re-offend.

Until we get over our ignorance as a society that all children respond to the current deterrents for unacceptable and violent behavior, we allow thousands of innocent children to suffer unspeakable abuse we can not imagine. If not a physical deterrent, we need some form of other much stricter behavior consequences. Until we make all classrooms safe and equal for everyone, schools, gang prevention, crime, mental illness, and many social programs will remain bottomless cash pits, ineffective regardless of how much money the government throws in.

Dave Lister

listerlogic.com

6- INVENTIONS

MULTI-VIEW / A NEW Dimension IN VIDEO

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One of the most cherished videos people keep is of their wedding and they are willing to spend thousands for a professional single viewpoint video. I have videoed weddings myself and it’s always difficult to know when to zoom in for close-ups showing facial expression or use a less detailed wide shot to capture everything going on. With today’s technology, there is a way to do both. Imagine having a wedding video where you could change your viewpoint. When the couple is saying their vows in the church you could switch from the traditional side view of the couple and the minister to a zoomed-in high-resolution shot showing every detail of the bride’s face, the groom’s face, mother of the bride’s reaction, or the congregation. Every time you watched the video could be different as you select different combinations of camera views, moving around the church with the click of a mouse all while keeping the same timeline.

I got the idea for the app/program years ago after I videotaped a friend’s wedding. A couple of days later I went into a variety store and noticed the security cameras video monitor showing 12 different camera views in little squares recording together. When playing back the video, any of the squares could be selected to take up the full screen of the monitor.

By using recent off the shelf existing technology it’s possible to develop an app now that would revolutionize the way we take and watch videos, not just for weddings, for all videos.

HERES HOW IT WOULD WORK

  • The multi-view app/program is opened and a new file name is created, say “The Big Game”
  • Video shot from your camera or cell phone from your seat behind the basket is loaded in “The Big Game” file and automatically given the name camera 1.
  • The app would use the time stamp from the video and establish a “timeline template”. Most cameras now time stamp the date and time of every video recorded right down to the second. for example “Jan 28, 2020, 10:55:59 AM – Jan 28,2020, 11:20:06 AM”
  • The video you took is saved on the “timeline template” but on a different layer. Similar to photo editing layers.
  • The next day, 3 of your friends send you copies of their videos of the same game taken from 3 different locations in the arena.
  • You load the 1st of the 3 videos into “The Big Game” file and it’s automatically aligned by its time stamp on the “timeline template”, saved on a different layer and given the name camera 2.
  • The same thing is done with the other 2 videos, also saved on different layers and given the default names camera 3 and camera 4
  • You can add as many videos as you have room on your hard drive. Each one will be given a different camera number. Because the computer only deals with the playback data on one layer (camera) at a time the CPU is able to handle the highest resolution videos available without getting bogged down.
  • If one of the video’s timestamp is outside the original timeline, the original “timeline template” is increased and videos already loaded into the file are adjusted accordingly.
  • When all the videos are loaded into the file you click “create multiview video”, and a finished file with the extension “.multiview” is created. In this case, the file name would be “TheBigGame.multiview”
  • By opening the completed project with a future program that’s compatible to play “.multiview” files the timeline begins to play
  • The view from camera 1 or the lowest camera number available at the start of the “timeline template” is shown by default as a full-screen view on the computer.
  • At the bottom of the screen links to all the other available camera views are shown. These links could change depending on whether the camera associated with the link recorded anything at that point on the “timeline template”.
  • As the timeline plays clicking the link to another camera changes the on-screen video to show that camera’s point of view.
  • A toolbar at the bottom of the screen shows the different camera views available, toggles to pause, fast forward and rewind the timeline playing, as well as a link to settings/edits.
This is an example of how the screen would look when playing back the completed video. Notice at this point in the video there are 4 different camera views available as well as controls for rewind, pause, play, and fast forward. At the bottom right-hand corner is the tools link for editing and settings.

By clicking on CAM 2 on the bottom of the screen your view is instantly changed to what camera 2 recorded.

EDITING AND SETTINGS

Clicking the black gear symbol at the bottom right corner of the screen would bring you out of the video and into edit/settings mode. Here you would be able to view a chart showing the “timeline template” (timeline) and each of the camera layers. Videos without a timestamp could be moved manually to match up with the other videos in the timeline. An automatic method would also be available where the audio signature of a 4-second sound clip from a video with no timestamp would be used to match up with one of the other videos. Each camera view could also be edited if you wanted to cut some parts out.

As well as editing video you could also change the camera names that will appear on the screen. “CAM 1, CAM 2, CAM 3, CAM 4” for instance could be changed to “Bride, Groom, Altar, Congregation”.

Another option available would be to record a custom video that changes camera views along the timeline at your personal preselected points. The traditional single-view point video created could be converted to existing video formats, for example, “.mp4”.

Getting back to wedding videos, with today’s technology and advanced software such as facial recognition tracking, multiple cameras mounted on tripods can be operated remotely and wirelessly by one person Videos taken by guests could also be added to the original professionally done videos giving dozens of viewing angles to select from while playing back.

With advances in software, CPU speeds, and Ai, one day soon with enough cameras, computers will be able to recreate events like your wedding in virtual reality. Imagine putting on a pair of VR goggles and headphones and being able to walk around the church during playback of your ceremony. How about sitting at one of your guest’s tables at the reception and listening to the conversations they had.

Dave Lister

listerlogic.com

Note: This is an original idea by me but there may be similar products or patents already.  I am not an expert and take no responsibility for the development of this idea.

Logic That Gets You Thinking